The National Science Foundation is inviting grant applications for research on theoretical particle astrophysics and big-bang cosmology as well as more speculative string theory-inspired cosmologies. Recently, the program has focused on the quarks to cosmos connection and the implications of the fluctuation spectra of the cosmic microwave background. The program's cosmology and astrophysics research usually is associated with people with training in particle theory and encompasses dark matter, dark energy, high-energy cosmic rays, and exotic cosmologies arising from Brane-world and String Theory scenarios.